北部湾热带气旋增减水实例分析

本文对8007号热带气旋与8221号热带气旋引起的北部湾增减水情况进行了计算,初步探讨了北部湾风暴潮特征与形成原因。研究表明,由于北部湾水深较浅,受地形影响,当热带气旋来临时,增减水现象较显著。广西外海受热带气旋外围影响时,水位呈现增减水振动,当距离热带气旋中心较近时,出现风暴潮。     

加速发展的阿拉伯半岛城市轨道交通

介绍目前阿拉伯半岛地区如火如荼的城市轨道交通建设,回顾并且分析迪拜、科威特、阿曼、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯等一些海湾地区城市和国家轨道交通系统的规划、建设和运营情况。     

渤海湾冰区航行问题解决策略研究

根据多位船长的航行经验及相关建议,文章在分析渤海湾冰情的基础上,系统阐述了渤海湾冰区航行问题的解决策略,对于提高船舶航行安全性和渤海湾港口的使用率有一定的借鉴意义。     

Decommissioning forecast in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, 2013–2033

One hundred and ten fixed, tensioned, and moored structures have been installed in the Gulf of Mexico in water depth greater than 400 ft, and through 2012, 15 structures have been decommissioned. Decommissioning is the final stage of an assets life cycle, where all wells are plugged and abandoned, the structure and associated production facilities are removed, and the seafloor cleared of all debris created by the operations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a decommissioning forecast for deepwater structures in the Gulf of Mexico. Three approaches (“simple models”) based on lease status, gross revenue, and production forecasting are applied to infer a short, medium, and long-term decommissioning forecast. Model assumptions are outlined along with a discussion of the limitations and uncertainty of analysis. About two dozen deepwater fixed platforms are expected to be removed over the next decade, but only 5 floaters are expected to be decommissioned through 2032.     

Distribution of total dissolved and C18 extractable copper and nickel in relation to dissolved organic matter sources, in the Thermaikos Gulf (eastern Mediterranean)

Organically complexed and total dissolved copper and nickel were measured in the Thermaikos Gulf waters during winter 1998. Total concentrations ranged from 1.13 nmol/L to 7.02 nmol/L for copper and from 3.04 nmol/L to 9.50 nmol/L for nickel. The C18 Sep-Pak solid phase extraction technique was used in order to determine the amount of copper and nickel complexed with the hydrophobic component of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). Up to 32.4% of total copper and 4.57% of total nickel were complexed with the DOM extracted by C18. By applying HPLC analysis it was shown that the majority of the organic compounds retained by C18 had intermediate to low polarity. Using the absorbance ratio a₂₅₄/a₄₃₆ it was possible to unravel that humic substances of both terrestrial and marine origin were present in the Thermaikos Gulf and their distribution followed the dilution of riverine waters. Moreover our results indicated that organic binding of both Cu and Ni was stronger with the hydrophobic compounds of terrestrial origin than with those of marine origin.     

A numerical investigation of phytoplankton and Pseudocalanus elongatus dynamics in the spring bloom time in the Gda sk Gulf

A nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (1D-NPZD) ‘phytoplankton {Phyt} and Pseudocalanus elongatus {Zoop} dynamics in the spring bloom time in the Gda sk Gulf. The 1D-NPZD model consists of three coupled, partial second-order differential equations of the diffusion type for phytoplankton {Phyt}, zooplankton {Zoop}, nutrients {Nutr} and one ordinary first-order differential equation for benthic detritus pool {Detr}, together with initial and boundary conditions. In this model, the {Zoop} is presented by only one species of copepod (P. elongatus) and {Zoop} is composed of six cohorts of copepods with weights (W_i) and numbers (Z_i); where . The calculations were made for 90 days (March, April, May) for two stations at Gda sk Gulf with a vertical space step of 0.5m and a time step of 900 s. The flow field and water temperature used as the inputs in the biological model 1D-NPZD were reproduced by the prognostic numerical simulation technique using hydrographic climatological data. The results of the numerical investigations described here were compared with the mean observed values of surface chlorophyll-a and depth integrated P. elongatus biomass for 10 years, 1980–1990. The slight differences between the calculated and mean observed values of surface chlorophyll-a and zooplankton biomass are ca. 10–60 mg C m⁻³ and ca. 5–23 mg C m⁻², respectively, depending on the location of the hydrographic station. The 1D-NPZD model with a high-resolution zooplankton module for P. elongatus can be used to describe the temporal patterns for phytoplankton biomass and P. elongatus in the centre of the Gda sk Gulf.     

北部湾油类污染及防治措施

文章基于北部湾海域油类污染防治的紧迫性和艰巨性,探讨了北部湾海域油类污染的成因,分析了现阶段北部湾海洋油类污染防治存在的问题,并提出了防治北部湾海洋油类污染的措施。     

广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训现状研究

文章针对广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训现状，介绍了德国、新加坡职业培训模式及其共性和特点，分析了广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训中存在的问题，并提出完善广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训的相关措施。     

Assimilation of altimetric data in the mid-latitude oceans using the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman filter with an eddy-resolving, primitive equation model

A new data assimilation scheme has been elaborated for ocean circulation models based on the concept of an evolutive, reduced-order Kalman filter. The dimension of the assimilation problem is reduced by expressing the initial error covariance matrix as a truncated series of orthogonal perturbations. This error sub-space evolves during the assimilation so as to capture the growing modes of the estimation error. The algorithm has been formulated in quite a general fashion to make it tractable with a large variety of ocean models and measurement types. In the present paper, we have examined three possible strategies to compute the evolution of the error subspace in the so-called Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter: the steady filter considers a time-independent error sub-space, the apprentice filter progressively enriches the error sub-space with the information learned from the innovation vector after each analysis step, and the dynamical filter updates the error sub-space according to the model dynamics. The SEEK filter has been implemented to assimilate synthetic observations of the surface topography in a non-linear, primitive equation model that uses density as vertical coordinate. A simplified box configuration has been adopted to simulate a Gulf Stream-like current and its associated eddies and gyres with a resolution of 20 km in the horizontal, and 4 levels in the vertical. The concept of twin experiments is used to demonstrate that the conventional SEEK filter must be complemented by a learning mechanism in order to model the misrepresented tail of the error covariance matrix. An approach based on the vertical physics of the isopycnal model, is shown particularly robust to control the velocity field in deep layers with surface observations only. The cost of the method makes it a suitable candidate for large-size assimilation problems and operational applications.     

青岛海湾大桥青岛端接线工程总体设计

该文详细介绍了青岛海湾大桥接线工程的工程概况、技术标准、总体设计及立交与匝道的设置,工程设计中体现了在满足交通功能的前提下,近远期结合,充分利用现状和考虑城市景观环境的需要,因地制宜确定立交方案,降低工程投资的设计思想。